Phosgene - Gas Profile
Phosgene (COCl2) - or carbonyl chloride - is colourless, chemically reactive, poisonous, and has an odour similar to musty hay. It's primarily used to produce plastics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polyurethane resins. Though widely used in manufacturing today, phosgene is infamous for its use in World War I as a chemical warfare agent due to its delayed yet severe respiratory toxicity. Damage to the lungs is severe from inhalation, and it takes many hours for the full consequences to show themselves.
The chemical phosgene is used to produce polymers and insecticides. At ambient temperature (70°F), phosphate is a toxic gas. However, with cooling and pressure, it can be converted into a liquid. When released, liquid phosphate rapidly changes into a gas that does not go far and stays close to the ground.
- Signs of phosgene exposure can include coughing, burning sensations in the throat and eyes, blurred vision, watery eyes, nausea/vomiting, shortness of breath, and fluid in the lungs. Exposure at high concentrations can also cause fluid in the lungs.
- When chlorinated hydrocarbon molecules are heated, phosgene is one possible byproduct. Chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds contain chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon that are occasionally utilised or manufactured in industry.
- At room temperature (70°F), phosgene is a poisonous gas.
- Phosgene plays a significant role in the manufacturing of plastics and pesticides.
Fun Fact: Phosgene gas can be turned into a liquid by cooling and pressure, making it suitable for transport and storage.
Industrial Uses of Phosgene Gas
Phosgene plays a key role in manufacturing:
- Plastics & Polymers - Used to produce polycarbonate resins and isocyanates (precursors to polyurethane)
- Coatings & Adhesives - Essential for the synthesis of high-performance coatings , sealants , and adhesives
- Pharmaceuticals - Acts as a reagent in drug manufacturing and intermediate synthesis
- Agricultural Chemicals - Involved in creating herbicides , insecticides , and fungicides
Roughly 80% of global phosgene use is tied to chemical manufacturing and plastics.
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FAQs About Phosgene Gas
What is phosgene used for today?
Phosgene is used in the manufacturing of plastics, pesticides, coatings, and pharmaceuticals, especially polyurethanes and polycarbonates.
Is phosgene still dangerous?
Yes. Even brief exposure can lead to delayed-onset lung damage, requiring immediate evacuation and medical attention.
How is phosgene detected?
Fixed or portable phosgene gas detectors are often installed in chemical plants, labs, and polymer production facilities.
Can phosgene be a fire byproduct?
Yes. Phosgene can form unintentionally when chlorinated hydrocarbons (like carbon tetrachloride) are exposed to heat or flames.