Phosphine - Gas Profile





Phosphine (PH3), commonly known as hydrogen phosphide, is a colourless, flammable and highly toxic gas with a garlic or fish-like odour. The Phosphine gas compound is structurally similar to Ammonia (NH3). Still, it is considerably more dangerous in industrial environments, as it is much less soluble in water and is a poor solvent. In extremely low quantities, it is highly poisonous when inhaled. This, combined with its explosive nature and toxicity, makes monitoring phosphine (PH3) critical wherever it is used, produced and stored.
When a strong base or hot water reacts with white phosphorus, or when water reacts with calcium phosphide (Ca3P2), phosphine is generated. Phosphine (PH3) has a boiling point of -126°F and a freezing point of -209°F. Phosphine is highly volatile and can ignite spontaneously in air under certain conditions. Containers exposed to prolonged heat may explode violently, posing lethal risks to nearby personnel. Long-term heating can cause containers to explode violently, resulting in possible injuries or fatalities. Workers exposed to phosphine on a long-term basis may have nasal and throat irritation, weakness, dizziness, nausea, gastrointestinal, cardiorespiratory, central nervous system symptoms, jaundice, liver effects, and enhanced bone density.
Gas Fact – Despite being lethal, phosphine sometimes gives off a fishy or garlic-like smell, but this cannot be relied upon for safety — many people may not detect it at all.


Industrial & Commercial Uses of Phosphine Gas
Phosphine is a key component in multiple industries, often used under tightly controlled conditions:
Agriculture - Used as a fumigant to control pests in grain storage, silos, and cargo holds and applied during seed or commodity treatments in food-safe packaging.
Electronics & Semiconductor Manufacturing - Acts as a dopant gas in the production of semiconductors and is involved in the processing of microelectronic devices.
Laboratories & Research - Applied in chemical synthesis, gas chromatography, and toxicology studies
Pest Control Industry - Used for fumigation in residential and industrial pest extermination, especially for invasive species and stored grain pests
FAQs About Phosphine Gas (PH₃)
What is phosphine used for?
Phosphine is used as a grain fumigant and a semiconductor dopant, as well as in chemical research and pest control.
What does phosphine smell like?
Phosphine often has a fishy or garlic-like odour, but not everyone can smell it. This makes gas detection essential.
Is phosphine explosive?
Yes. Phosphine is highly flammable and can spontaneously ignite in air under certain conditions.
How is phosphine gas detected?
Fixed or portable phosphine gas detectors continuously monitor ambient air and issue alerts at dangerous concentrations.